Key Terms*Motivation - a need or desire that energizes and directs behavior.
*Instinct - A complex behavior that is rigidly patterned throughout a species and is unlearned. *Drive-Reduction Theory - the idea that a physiological need creates an aroused tension state (a drive) that motivates an organism to satisfy the need. *Homeostasis - process by which organisms maintain a relatively stable internal environment. *Incentive - a positive or negative environmental stimulus that motivates behavior. *Hierarchy of Needs - Maslow's theory of the most important motivations people have. Glucose - The body's blood sugar; a simple form of carbohydrate. *Set Point - the point at which one's body tries maintain weight. Basal Metabolic Rate - body's resting rate of energy expenditure. Anorexia Nervosa - an eating disorder in which a normal-weight person diets and becomes significantly underweight, yet, still feeling fat, continues to starve. Bulimia Nervosa - an eating disorder characterized by episodes of overeating, usually of high-calorie foods, followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise. Sexual Response Cycle - the four stages of sexual responding described by Matsters and Johnson-excitement, plateau, orgasm, and resolution. Refractory Period - a resting period after orgasm, during which a man cannot achieve another orgasm. Sexual Disorder - a problem that consistently impairs sexual arousal or functioning. Estrogen - general term for female steroid sex hormones. Testosterone - male sex hormone. Sexual Orientation - an enduring sexual attraction toward members of either one's own sex or the other sex. *Flow - a completely involved, focused state of consciousness, with diminished awareness of self and time, resulting from optimal engagement of one's skills. *Industrial - Organizational Psychology - the application of psychological concepts and methods to optimizing human behavior in workplaces.. Personnel Psychology - a subfield of I/O psychology that focuses on employee recruitment, selection, placement, training, appraisal, and development. *Organizational Psychology - a subfield of I/O psychology that examines organizational influences on worker satisfaction and productivity and facilitates organizational change. Structured Interviews - interview process that asks the same job-relevant questions of all applicants, each of whom is rated on established scales. Achievement Motivation - a desire for significant accomplishment: for mastery of things, people, or ideas; for attaining a high standard. Task Leadership - goal-oriented leadership that sets standards, organizes work, and focuses attention on goals. Social Leadership - group-oriented leadership that builds teamwork, mediates conflict, and offers support. |
Videos to Watch |
Motivation and Work
What is the best way to get someone to work productively? Is intrinsic work better than extrinsic work? Why do people kick their feet or click their pen when they're bored? This chapter sets out to figure out why people would rather talk on the phone rather than work on their project due in three days and how to get people to work harder and more efficiently.